slavery and the plantation Essays -- Slavery Essays

subjection and the manor During the period of subjection in the United States, not all blacks were slaves. There were a many number of free blacks, comprising of those had been liberated or those in actuality that were never slave. Nor accomplished all slave deal with ranches. There were almost 500,000 that worked in the urban communities as household, gifted craftsmans and industrial facility hands (Green, 13). Be that as it may, they were special cases to the general principle. Most blacks in America were slaves on manor measured units in the seven conditions of the South. Furthermore, with the design of the cotton gin by Eli Whitney, more slaves were expected to work the ever-developing cotton game (Frazier, 14). The size of the estates shifted with the abundance of the grower. There were little ranchers with a few slaves, grower with ten to thirty slaves and huge grower who claimed a thousand or more slaves. Researchers by and large concur that slaves got better treatment on the little ranches and estate that didn't utilize administrators or senior supervisors. Practically 50% of the slaves, be that as it may, live, worked and kicked the bucket on ranches where the proprietors doled out a lot of their position to administrators. The ranch was a blend manufacturing plant, town and police region. The most evident trademark was the authoritarian system put on the slave. One case of this was a shared nursery, which arranged slave kids for subjection and made it feasible for their moms to work in the fields. The lady who thought about dark youngsters was regularly assigned aunt to recognize her from the mammy, the attendant of white kids. Now and again one ladies thought about both white and dark kids. Young men and young ladies meandered in around in a condition of close nakedness until they arrived at the period of work. On certain estates they were given tow-cloth shirts, on others they wore guano packs with openings punched in them for the head and arms. Kids were never given shoes until they were sent to the fields, generally at six years old or seven. Youthful laborers were broken in as water young men or in the refuse posse. At the age of ten or twelve, kids were given a customary field schedule. A previou s slave reviews, Kids needed to go to the fiel' at six on out spot. Possibly they don't do nothin' however get stones or tote water, yet thy got the opportunity to become accustomed to bein' there. (Johnson, 40-45) Cooking on the manor was a gather... ... with youngsters would be less inclined to endeavor escape. The wedding service was told by the savvies and most regarded slave on the ranch, and incorporated the custom of hopping the broomstick. Guys and females were relied upon to stay dependable after the marriage. The relationships endured quite a while, about thirty years or more. The life on the ranch was the main life known to a slave. Barely any slaves at any point had the chance to leave the estate so it was the main world they knew. One can think about an estate as a disconnected island, with intermittent contact from the outside world. It was uniquely through reaching the outside world that slaves became mindful that they too merited opportunity and picked up the information to acquire it. Catalog E.Franklin Frazier. Dark Bourgeoisie. New York 1957 Berkin, Miller, Cherny, and Gormly. Making America: A History of the United States. Boston 1995. Douglass, Frederick. The Life and Times of Frederick Douglass. Hartford 1881. Johnson, Charles S. Shadow of the Plantation. Chicago 1941. Olmsted, Frederick Law. The Cotton Kingdom. New York 1948. Green, Bernard V. Subjugation of a People. Miami 1991.

THINGS FALL APART Essay examples -- essays research papers

Rundown and Analysis of: Things Fall Apart      There are numerous exercises that we learn throughout everyday life. Chinua Achebe?s Things Fall Apart shows one of life?s most noteworthy exercise. Valid, enduring joy matters in excess of ones social status or ones position of riches. Okonkwo, who is the principle character in this book, is attempting his best to be the man that is father was most certainly not. His dad was a notable bum and a man who owed a ton of obligations. Okonkwo felt that men are consistently assume to be solid, pioneers, and do what individuals see are run of the mill male errands. In any case, his dad, Unoka, didn't accommodate his depiction of what he felt a genuine man ought to be. He was embarrassed about his dad.      Okonkwo had a fixation. His fixation was his pride. Furthermore, this prompted him losing his head and everything that worked so needed to get. Probably the biggest dread that were depicted in this book was that of indicating any sort of feelings, friendship, or distress. He felt that demonstrating them would make him look feeble. It is alright to communicate. That is a piece of being human. To ensure his own picture Okonkwo would do anything. He started to scan for riches and status by approaching different townspeople who were well off for help. He was lent seed sweet potatoes. This was only enough for him to start a profitable harvest. He needed to begin at the base and stir his way up to the top. He had the option to do only that. He increased an extremely high remaining in the Ibo clan. What's more, his definitive objective was to turn into an elde...

The Illini Union Basement Tons of Great Food Options

The Illini Union Basement Tons of Great Food Options When youre enjoying your freshman year here at Illinois, you have the opportunity to live in a housing community with hundreds, even thousands of other students from across the world. There is no other time in your life where you will live in such close quarters with people who are your age and are just like you. You all get to experience the first year of college together and it is a unique, special experience. A perk of living in a residence hall freshman year is the food. Now there are tons of stereotypes that you see in the movies about residence hall food being gross, but that is simply not the case here at Illinois. I lived in Weston Hall in the Ikenberry Commons my first year and I absolutely loved the dining hall. It was so nice because it was close to my residence hall and I got to eat with students from other residence halls from the Ikenberry Commons. However, like anything, you can kind of tired of residence hall food and may want a change. Thankfully, you can eat your favorite food from your hometown right at the Illini Union. The Illini Union basement has an awesome food court that has the range of different cuisines. Right now, it has Sbarro, Wendys, Einstein Bros. Bagels, and a Qdoba. Every time I stop in the Illini Union, the food court is crowded with students eating their meals at all times of the day while relaxing or doing their homework. It is truly a nice touch of home to see some of the food I like back in the Chicago area right here in the heart of campus. Oftentimes, these food places have student specials. It really is great how these national chains keep Illini in mind when they sell their delicious food. Source: The Daily Illini My favorite is the Sbarro pizza. They have this great student special for 1 Cheese slice, 2 garlic rolls and 1 soft drink for $4.99. For a student like me on a budget, this is such a great deal! The pizzas are huge New York-style pizza slices. This is my go-to meal when Im in the Illini Union and I highly recommend on your next visit or your first year here at Illinois to take advantage of everything the Illini Union has to offer. Daniel Class of 2018 I’m an Advertising major in the College of Media. I’m from a northwest suburb of Chicago called Buffalo Grove. I chose Illinois because it was the first university in the entire world to offer an Advertising major, which is pretty cool!

Social Work As A Profession - 1928 Words

Social work, as a profession, has developed greatly over the years. As an actual profession, social work did not truly begin until the 1900s. In the 1920s schools of social work developed uniform standards for the training and education used. These standards were developed by the American Association of Schools of Social Work, which later merged and became the Council on Social Work Education. This is the group that currently regulates curriculum taught by social work schools. In 1955 the National Association of Social Workers was founded. This entity helped to bring professionalism to the social work profession, and set a uniform set of ethical codes and rules for social workers to abide by. However, social work started long before it was†¦show more content†¦These visitors did direct relief, prayer, and conversion in order to fix social problems, and were funded by the church. The most prominent section of the missionary movement was led by Mary Richmond, who founded the Charity Organization Society. The emergence of these two groups led to Dr. Abraham Flexner asking if social work was a profession, which eventually led to social work concentrating on case work and the scientific method in order to professionalize itself. Generalist Social Work Generalist social work is a type of social work that focuses on a broad overview of everything, instead of a specific interest in one type of social work. This is what entry level social workers are expected to learn, and is what is taught in programs accredited by the Council on Social Work Education. Having knowledge of generalist social work is a benefit to all social workers, because it gives knowledge of most situations one may run into. Elements of Generalist Practice The Code of Ethics provided by the National Association of Social Workers’ lists six elements that social workers should value: Service, social justice, the dignity and worth of person, the importance and worth of human relationships, integrity, and competence (Code of Ethics, 2008). In addition, the Council on Social Work Education lists two additional elements of value: human rights, and scientific inquiry

Source Code Public Class Gumballmachine Implements

Source Code Gumball Machine: public class GumballMachine implements IGumballMachine { State soldOutState; State noCoinState; State hasCoinState; State soldState; State state = soldOutState; int count = 0; int gumballInSlot = 0; int coin = 0; public GumballMachine(int numberGumballs) { soldOutState = new SoldOutState(this); noCoinState = new NoCoinState(this); hasCoinState = new HasCoinState(this); soldState = new SoldState(this); this.count = numberGumballs; if (numberGumballs 0) { state = noCoinState; } } public void insertQuarter() { state.insertCoin(25); } public void insertDime() {†¦show more content†¦} void refill(int count) { this.count = count; state = noCoinState; } public void setCoin(int c) { coin = c; } public int getCoin() { return coin; } public State getState() { return state; } public State getSoldOutState() { return soldOutState; } public State getNoCoinState() { return noCoinState; } public State getHasCoinState() { return hasCoinState; } public State getSoldState() { return soldState; } public String toString() { StringBuffer result = new StringBuffer(); result.append( Mighty Gumball, Inc.); result.append( Java-enabled Standing Gumball Model #2004); result .append( Inventory: + count + gumball); if (count != 1) { result.append(s); } result.append( ); result.append(Machine is + state + ); return result.toString(); } public boolean isGumballInSlot() { if (gumballInSlot 0) { System.out.println(isGumballInSlot: true); return true; } else { System.out.println(isGumballInSlot: false); return false; } } public void takeGumballFromSlot() { if (gumballInSlot 0) { System.out.println(Take all ( + gumballInSlot + ) gumball from the slot); gumballInSlot =

Pylori associated gastritis Free Essays

Helicobacter Pylori associated chronic gastritis resulting in duodenal ulceration or Peptic ulcer Dsease. Gastric pain at night and when hungry: ulcer Is duodenal as the pyloric sphincter is open. Single punched-out lesion In the duodenum where of peptic ulcers occur. We will write a custom essay sample on Pylori associated gastritis or any similar topic only for you Order Now H. PyIori most common cause of peptic ulcers. Erythematous stomach and history of dyspepsia: This indicates inflammation associated with chronic gastritis: result of long term hyperacidity in the stomach and duodenum. Patient was a smoker. Smoking reduces blood flow and Impedes healing of the epithelium and mucosa. Presence of curved and spiral-shaped bacilli within the superflclal mucosa of the antrum (no mention of the body of stomach) indicates H. Pylori infection. This induces hyperacidity, increasing the risk of duodenal and gastric ulceration (H. PyIori in of people with peptic ulcers). Large numbers of neutrophils in the lamina propria extending into the epithelium forming pit abscesses and large numbers of plasma and lyrnphocytic cells with germinal centres Infiltrating the lamina proprla Is characteristic of chronic gastritis as the body mounts an Immune response. Gastric epithelium regenerates rapidly, replacing damaged cells. Extensive blood supply to mucosa. Predisposing factors: H. Pylori infection 80% of peptic ulcers Smoking- reduces blood flow, impedes healing. High-dose corticosteroid use (inhibits prostaglandin production) More commonly seen in people with alcohol cirrhosis (alcohol stimulates gastric acid secretion), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (reduces 02 blood perfusion), chronic renal failure and hyperparathyroidism (promote gastrin secretion). 3) Natural history: o Peptic ulcers usually heal within weeks but reoccur within months(75% after one year) unless treated. Longer healing indicates quicker reoccurrence unless stimulus is removed. o A longer period of symptoms before presentation is associated with poorer response to treatment. Complications: o smaller vessels- anaemia o large vessel- malema or haematemesis o major artery: life threatening. o Perforation- spillage of GIT contents into peritoneum: leads to infection (peritonitis) o Obstruction- pyloric stenosis from continuous healing and scarring near pyloric valve. (10% of patients) Leads to hour glass deformity of stomach. o Carcinoma development- (1% of gastric ulcers, never duodenal ulcers) How to cite Pylori associated gastritis, Papers

Demand & Supply of Coal in Australia-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Demand and Supply of Coal in Australia. Answer: In the global as well as domestic markets, commodity prices are largely driven by the demand and supply side factors (Richardson, 2013). In a constant demand scenario, if the supply of a product is declined, the price of the commodity will see a surge. On the other hand, if the demand of a commodity is increased in a stable supply market, the price hike of the resource will be evident (Forstater, 2017). In this particular study, an article has been selected to identify how demand and supply of coal from the global market has created an impact on the price of the commodity in Australia. In the identified article, Slezak (2017) has reviewed how international demand of coal will impact the export as well as the domestic price of the resource in Australia. Currently, Australia can be termed as one of the largest coal exporting countries around the globe. But, in a recent couple of years, the biggest foreign purchasers of Australian coal have shown the intention to cut down the consumption of coal. As result of the circumstances, the price of Australian coal has seen a sharp decline due to worries in terms of demand reducing the profitability of the Australian coal mine businesses (Wonhas, 2014). In the existing market scenario, Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan can be recognised as the leading thermal coal importing economies in the world. According to the reports, together these three countries have purchased 70 percent of the Australian export coal (Slezak, 2017). The recent analysis and forecasts of the Chief Economists of Australia have been significantly different to that of the projection of the Institute for Energy Economics and Financial Analysis (IEEFA). According to the Australian Officials, the coal industry in Australia will be projected to increase by 8.7 percent by 2022 whereas the global export market for coal will grow by 2.5 percent by 2022 (Slezak, 2017). Contradictorily, IEEFA analyst, Tim Buckley has stated that projections are entirely invalid as in real life the market of coal will originally contract due to consumption cut in leading coal importing economies such as Japan, China, South Korea, and Taiwan. Reportedly, consumption of coal in Japan has been declined as consumers are turning towards renewable energy. Also, environment policies of South Korea have restructured the electricity production sector suspending ageing coal power plants in the nation (Slezak, 2017). Due to such measures that were taken by the leading coal importing economies, the coal export market will certainly face a major setback in the near future. Additionally, the coal industry can evident a fall in the domestic demand due to the developing technology and better availability of renewable energy sources. The carbon reducing policy of the Australian Government has forced the major manufacturing companies to shift to renewable energy sources in order to reduce the emission of greenhouse gas (Palmer, 2014). The introduction of electric furnaces in the manufacturing firms has resulted in a decline in the demand for coal. In other words, the shift in the use of energy has resulted in a decrease in the consumption of coal that has further lead to the fall in the demand for coal in the Australian market. By applying the theory of demand and supply, it can be seen that the downfall in the domestic and global demand for coal has resulted in the fall of market equilibrium that has further led to the fall of aggregate price of coal in both the global and domestic market. A diagram has been presented herein below for further understanding: Figure: Declining demand for coal in Australia Source: (Farmer, 2008) It can be seen from the above diagram that the decline in the demand for coal leads to a leftward shift in the demand curve from D1 to D2. However, the supply remains constant at S due to the continuous production of coal in the Australian market. Furthermore, a shift in the market equilibrium level can be evident in the Australian coal market from e to e1. Moreover, a decline in the consumption can be evident from Q1 to Q2. Hence, the falling export quantity of coal due to the declining global demand and less consumption of coal in the Australian market has resulted in a fall in the price of the commodity from P1 to P2. The primary impact of the fall in the price of coal can be seen in the Australian market in the form of mining shutdowns. For instance, several news of shutdown of coal mines has been evident during last few years. According to Janda (2014), Glencore closed its coal mines for a month due to the fall in the demand for the commodity. The falling price of coal has become a major challenge for the coal producing firms to earn their breakeven costs, which is leading to shutdown of the mines and loss of jobs in thousands. It is important for the Australian Government to take necessary measures in order to maintain equilibrium in the Australian coal industry. For example, the Australian government must focus on increasing the export of coal by providing tax reliefs and subsidies to the coal exporters. Furthermore, the government can implement the price flooring policy to maintain an equilibrium price in the domestic market (Rademacher, 2016). Additionally, subsidies can be provided to the mining companies to promote their operations and use better technology to reduce their cost of production (Gilman, 2016). Hence, the Government can make use of its fiscal policies in order to control the demand and supply of coal in the domestic market to provide relief to the Australian coal producers. From the above discussion, it is quite clear that cut down on the demand side from major coal importing economies will create a significant challenge for the Australian coal mining sector. Due to environmental policies, renewable energy resources have started to replace the coal-powered electricity plants in several developed countries. Evidently, climate policy actions of a number of coal importing countries have weighed on the coal mining sector in Australia. Conclusively, the decrease in demand will certainly drive down the price of the fossil fuel in Australia posting unmanageable challenges to the coal mining industry. References Farmer, R. (2008). Aggregate demand and supply.International Journal Of Economic Theory,4(1), 77-93. Forstater, M. (2017). Economics (4th ed.). London: A. C. Black. Gilman, L. (2016).Economics(2nd ed.). Minneapolis: Lerner Publications. Janda, M. (2017).Glencore shuts down Australian coal mines for Christmas.ABC News. Retrieved August 2017, from https://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-11-14/glencore-shuts-down-australian-coal-mines-for-christmas/5890818 Palmer, G. (2014).Energy in Australia(2nd ed.). Cham: Springer. Rademacher, M. (2016). Development and perspectives on supply and demand in the global hard coal market.Zeitschrift Fr Energiewirtschaft,32(2), 67-87. Richardson, G. (2013).Economic Theory(2nd ed.). Hoboken: Taylor and Francis. Slezak, M. (2017).Energy economics group says export market for Australian coal will decline.the Guardian. Retrieved August 2017, from https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2017/jul/12/energy-economics-group-says-export-market-for-australian-coal-will-decline Wonhas, A. (2014). Australia should export more ideas and fewer greenhouse emissions.ECOS.

Tornado Essays - Tornado, Storm, Wind, Thunderstorm, Funnel Cloud

Tornado A tornado is a violent windstorm usually characterized by a twisting, funnel shaped cloud that is caused by a thunderstorm or a hurricane. It is produced when a cool air mass meets a warm air mass and forces the warm air mass to rise over the cool air mass very rapidly. Most of the damage from a tornado is a result of high wind velocity and wind blown debris. Most tornadoes occur during the months of March through August, but they can occur during any time of the year. They also seem to strike in the afternoon to the evening. What you should do and know You should know all key terms that are used to describe tornado threats. 1. Tornado Watch- This means that tornadoes are possible and you should stay tuned to a radio station for more reports. 2. Tornado Warning- A tornado has been sighted and you should take shelter immediately. 3. Severe Thunderstorm Watch- Severe thunderstorms are possible and they may bring a tornado. 4. Severe Thunderstorm Warning- A severe thunderstorm is here and a tornado may be present. 5. You should know the country and terrain in which you live. This is used in identifying the location of a tornado. 6. You should know the places you can seek shelter such as a cabin or rest area. 7. Practice doing this before you head out into the wilderness. 8. You should have emergency supplies on hand such as: Flashlight with extra batteries Portable battery operated radio with extra batteries First aid kit with all supplies and manual Emergency food and water Nonelectric can opener All essential medicines Money Sturdy, good shoes 9. Make an inventory of all your possessions and take pictures of them so if they are lost they you can replace them. Tornado Danger Signs Large hail Calmness before the tornado hits Cloud of debris Funnel cloud Roaring noise Calmness and clear skies after the tornado What to do during a tornado watch 1. Listen to your radio for the latest weather updates. 2. Be alert for an approaching storm so you can get ready and gather your emergency disaster materials up. If you see a funnel cloud call your local emergency number to report it if you can. 3. Be ready to take shelter. What to do during a tornado if you are outside If possible get inside a building If there is no shelter nearby or there is no time to get indoors, lie down in a ditch or a low-lying area with your hands shielding your head. Be aware of flooding in the low lying area or ditch. What you should do after the tornado Help any injured or trapped people Give first aid if it is necessary and do not move any seriouly injured victims unless they are in jeopardy of more injuries. Call for help Turn on your radio to get the latest information Use a telephone if you have one to make any emergency calls Did you know this... Tornadoes can be nearly invisible and only marked by swirling debris at the base of the funnel. On average the U.S. experiences about 100,000 thunderstorms a year and out of those about 1,000 tornadoes develop. Although tornadoes can occur throughout the world the U.S. has the most and most devastating ones. Tornadoes produce the most violent winds in the world. Tornado winds can be as high as 300 miles per hour, travel distances over 100 miles and reach heights of over 60,000 feet above the ground. In 1988 121 tornadoes struck 15 south central states. This resulted in 14 deaths and damages reaching $108 million.

Observations on What Is Language

Observations on What Is Language Language- more specifically human language- refers to the grammar and other rules and norms that allow humans to make utterances and sounds in a way that others can understand, notes linguist  John McWhorter, an associate professor of English and comparative literature at Columbia University. Or as Guy Deutscher said in his seminal work, The Unfolding of Language:  An Evolutionary Tour of Mankinds Greatest Invention, language is what makes us human. Discovering what is language, then, requires a brief look at its origins, its evolution through the centuries, and its central role in human existence and evolution. Greatest Invention If language is mankinds greatest invention, it is supremely ironic that it was actually never invented. Indeed, both Deutscher  and McWhorter, two of the worlds most renowned linguists, say the origin of language remains as much as mystery today as it was in biblical times. No one, says Deutscher, has come up with a better explanation than the tale of the  Tower of Babel,  one of the saddest and most significant stories in the Bible. In the biblical fable, God- seeing that people of the earth had become skilled in construction and had decided to build an  idolatrous tower, indeed an entire city, in ancient  Mesopotamia  that stretched to the heavens- infused the human race with a myriad of tongues so that they could no longer communicate, and could no longer build a massive edifice that would replace the almighty. If the tale is apocryphal, its meaning is not, as Deutscher notes: Language often seems so skilfully drafted that one can hardly imagine it as anything other than the perfected handiwork of a master craftsman. How else could this instrument make so much out of three dozen measly morsels of sound? In themselves, these configurations of the mouth- But, if you run these sounds through the cogs and wheels of the language machine, says Deutscher, arrange them in some special way and define how they are be ordered by rules of  grammar, you suddenly have language, something that an entire group of people can understand and use to communicate- and indeed to function and a viable society. Chomskyan Linguistics If languages mysterious origin sheds little light on its meaning, it can be helpful to turn to Western societys most renowned- and even controversial- linguist: Noam Chomsky. Chomsky is so famous that an entire subfield of linguistics (the study of language) has been named after him. Chomskyian linguistics is a  broad term for the principles of  language  and the methods of language study introduced and/or popularized by Chomsky  in such groundbreaking works as Syntactic Structures  (1957) and Aspects of the Theory of Syntax (1965). But, perhaps Chomskys most relevant work for a discussion on language is his 1976 paper, On the Nature of Language. In it, Chomsky directly addressed the meaning of language in a way that foreshadowed the later assertions of  Deutscher  and McWhorter. The nature of language is considered as a function of knowledge attained...[T]he language faculty may be regarded as a fixed function, characteristic of the species, one component of the human mind, a function which maps experience into grammar. In other words, language is all at once a tool and the mechanism that determines how we relate to the world, to each other, and, even to ourselves. Language, as noted, is what makes us human. Expressions of Humanity Famed American poet and existentialist, Walt Whitman, said that language is the sum total of all that humans experience as a species: Language is not an abstract construction of the learned, or of dictionary makers, but is something arising out of the work, needs, ties, joys, affections, tastes, of long generations of humanity, and has its bases broad and low, close to the ground. Language, then, is the sum of all human experience since the beginning of humankind. Without language, humans would be unable to express their feelings, thoughts, emotions, desires, and beliefs. Without language, there could be no society and possibly no religion. Even if Gods wrath at the building of the Tower of Babel led to a plethora of tongues throughout the world, the fact is that they are still tongues, languages that can be deciphered, studied, translated, written, and communicated. Computer Language As computers communicate with humans- and with each other- the meaning of language may soon change. Computers talk through the use of  programming language. Like human language, computer language is a system of grammar, syntax, and other rules that allow humans to communicate with their PCs, tablets, and smartphones, but also allows computers to communicate with other computers. As  artificial intelligence  continues to advance to a point where computers can communicate with each other without the intervention of humans, the very definition of language may need to evolve also. Language will still always be what makes us human, but it may also become the tool that allows machines to communicate, express needs and wants, issue directives, create, and produce through their own tongue. Language, would then, become something that was initially produced by humans but then evolves to a new system of communication- one that has little or no connection to human beings.

Mission Statements Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Mission Statements - Essay Example This definition will be a guiding point in the evaluation of the mission statements of McDonald and Dell, Incorporated. McDonald's mission statement can be classified one of the best examples in the global corporate arena. The mission statement clearly defines what the company is and what it wants to accomplish-"to be the world's best quick restaurant experience." This future goal is backed by the strategies which the company will employ-"outstanding quality, service, cleanliness and value." Furthermore, the mission statement is crafted with the company's stakeholders in mind. McDonald emphasizes that it wants that it will be looking after its employees, customers, and shareholders. Written in clear and simple language, the message that McDonalds want to communicate is clearly delivered and is understood by any individual. The mission statement is clear, precise, simple and is very suitable for the world's largest fast food chain. In comparison, Dell's mission statement is more inclined in the company's future than on what it is. It should be noted that Dell's mission statement can be applied to any computer manufacturer.

Adab In Medieval Arabic Literature Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Adab In Medieval Arabic Literature - Essay Example The first Al-Kindi’s argument for the existence of God pertains to the belief on causality. This means that everything that professes existence must have a beginning of existence. In this sense, it is impossible to have a beginning without a cause. Besides, entities to causes are infinite. Therefore, there is a prime cause of infinite elements that trigger other causes. This means that the prime cause must be a true one. The true cause refers to a sole God. According to Aristotle’s arguments, there are four stages of causes. This entails the final, the efficient, the formal and the material causes in terms of vitality. In a nutshell, there are two credible causes in the universe. The first cause is the sincere efficient one since its action springs from nothing. On the other hand, the other causes are intermediate since they spring from other causes. God is the only credible force that acts on other things. The reverse meaning of the same regards the idea that other thi ngs cannot act upon Him. Besides the argument on causality, Al-Kindi argues that everything in the world springs from creation (Kennedy 220). This means that there is a divine being that creates such entities. However, every creation lacks the life of sustaining itself. It must rely on the superior being to feed life into the same. This suggests that every creation is not eternal. The sole eternal being is God since He exists to breathe life into new creations. Similarly, the unicity of God is arguably from the observed nature of beings. The world possesses both irregularity and regularity that interact to create a beautiful working mixture. The world has a sculpture in a sense that does not jeopardize itself. In this sense, there are surprising disparities that coexist to accord a meaningful life.

Effect of Voltage on the Rate of Electroplating a Metal

Effect of Voltage on the Rate of Electroplating a Metal Akinlabi Boluwarinde Oluwatosin BACKGROUND Electroplating is the process of plating one metal onto another by hydrolysis, most commonly for decorative purposes or to prevent corrosion of a metal. There are also specific types of electroplating such as copper plating, silver plating, and chromium plating. Electroplating allows manufacturers to use inexpensive metals such as steel or zinc for the majority of the product and then apply different metals on the outside to account for appearance, protection, and other properties desired for the product. The surface can be a metal or even plastic.[1] RESEARCH QUESTION How does varying the voltage of the circuit affect the rate of electroplating a metal with copper? HYPOTHESIS The voltage of the cell also known as the E.M.F (electromotive force) is known to be the force that drives the current thhrough the circuit. It is expected that by increasing the Voltage the circuit will lead to an increase in the rate of electroplating the metal as more current will flow easily throughout the circuit. VARIABLES Independent Variable The voltage of the circuit Dependent Variable The mass of pure copper electroplated onto the metal Controlled Variable The amount of time allowed for reaction The concentration of the electrolyte solution The metal rod used CONTROL OF VARIABLES The amount of time allowed for reaction to occur will be measured with the use of a stopwatch. The voltage of the circuit will be increased by a fix aed amount of 1.5V to keep the experiment and easily measure a changein rate. The same metal rod will be used throughout the experiment for all trials and of the different voltage. The mass of the metal rod to be used is 7g APPARATUS Cells Low resistance wire Copper solid Electrolyte (copper sulphate solution) Electric Balance Stopwatch Metal rod Voltmeter Beaker METHOD I Setup the circuit as shown in the diagram below. I measured the initial mass of the metal and recorded it.Starting with one cell of 1.5V. I closed the circuit and allowed the reaction to occur for 10 minutes. I removed the electroplated metal and measured its mass and recorded it in the table. I Repeated the experiment increasing the number of cell each time and recorded the mass of the of the electroplated metal each time. SAFTEY PRECAUTIONS There is the risk of electrocution if care is not taken. To avoid this the use of well protected wires is necessary and great care must be taken when carrying out the experiment. DATA COLLECTION Raw Data Voltage /v Mass of metal rod after electrolysis /g  ± 0.1g Trail 1 Trail 2 Trail 3 1.5 7.8 7.9 7.9 3.0 8.9 8.7 8.8 4.5 10.0 9.9 9.9 6.0 11.1 11.2 10.9 Qualitative Observations: The pure copper solid used became faded after it was used in the electrolysis reaction. There was still some residue of copper left on the metal rod after rinsing it. The voltage recorded by the voltmeter was not constant but varried in range that was close to the desired value The mass of the metal rod used is 7g Processed Data Voltage /v Mean Average mass of metal rod after electrolysis /g  ± 0.1g Mass of copper added to rod /g  ± 0.1g 1.5 7.9 0.9 3.0 8.8 1.8 4.5 9.9 2.9 6.0 11.1 4.1 The data has been processed. The mean of the three trials for each voltage has been calculated and represented on the table above as Mean Average mass of metal. Also the mass of copper that was electroplated onto the metal rod was calculated using the equation: Graph 1 Graph 2 CONCLUSION As expected when there was an increase in the voltage flowing in the circuit the mass of copper that was electroplated onto the metal rod increased too. This is because as the voltage increases a larger number of electrons flow from the cell or battery into the anode which causes the formation of copper ions to occur faster and so more ions are attracted to the metal rod (cathode) in the given time. The relationship between mass of copper electroplated and voltage can be seen on both graph 1 and graph 2 above. In graph 1 there is an increase in mass as voltage increases but the graph obtained is a slight curve rather than a straight line which indicates random errors, this could likely be due to the voltage fluctuating in circuit. Graph 2 shows a line of best fit for the graph and it is a straight line graph as expected, the error bars are plotted as well. The line passes through all the error bar ranges but does not touch any of the points on the graph and it does not pass through the origin (0,0), this may be due to systematic errors such as errors in the electric balance when measuring the mass of the metal rod before and after electroplating. The linear correlation is 0.998, which suggest very strong correlation between the two variables. EVALUATION The graph of values obtained was not exactly the same as what was expeted. A straight line graph starting from the origin was the expected graph but the graph ontained after a lin of bestt fit was plotted started from the y-intercept -0.25. This was due to errors in the experiment. Random errors such as the fluctuation of the voltage flowing through the circuit as a result of the chemicl reactions going on in the cell led to some of these errors. The voltmeter showed values that ranged from below to above the value of the voltage required indicating that this variable was not kept constant. The deviations were very little and not too far from the required voltage but were still enough to cause errors. It is also possible that because the same solution was used for all trials not all the copper ions had been electroplated onto the metal rod, this could have altered the concentration of the electrolyte (copper sulphate) leading to more errors as the concentration of the electrolyte als o has an effect on the rate of electroplating. Systematic errors were also present throughout the experiment, errors in measuring the mass of the of the metal rod before and after electroplating and also in measuring the mass of the anhydrous copper sulfate solution. This may have been due to poor caliberation before the experiment was carried out. The copper used may also have not been pure as it is possible that there were impurities in the copper solid used. Finally not all of the copper was rinsed off the metal rod before it was used for the next trial which could have altered the total mass when the mass of the metal after electro plating was measured. Errors in measuring the volume of water to be added to the beaker could also have been present. Systematic errors in the stopwatch used such as the delay in starting when the timer was started. The experiment also depended on human reaction time which is known to less accurate than machines, this will have led to more errors. It is impossible to keep the voltage of the cells constant but the range of values can be reduced by using new cells. The eleectric balance cshould be well caliberated before carring out the experiment and a balance with a higher degree of accuracy and sensitivity (measures to more decimal places) could be used. Before each trial a new electrolyte solution could be used to avoid any changes in concentration during the experiment. The experiment could have been automated using a switch that opened after ten minutes from when it was closed to eliminate the error as a result of dependence on human response time. The experiment could also have been repeated more times to reduce errors and increase accuracy. Also a lager rane of voltages could have been tested to gain more data for better more accurate analysis. [1]  http://chemwiki.ucdavis.edu/Analytical_Chemistry/Electrochemistry/Electrolytic_Cells/Electroplating

Fracking: Carbon Dioxide and Natural Gas

April 8, 2012 Dear Senator Greg Ball, The current practice of hydraulic fracturing (fracking) began in America in the late 1990‘s and has been wreaking havoc on the land and the lives of the American people since. In case you are unaware, fracking is the process well diggers use to extract natural gas and oil from the earth. They use pressurized mixture of water, sand, and chemicals to form veins (or fractures) in the rock in order for the natural gas or oil to escape.Although this process is an affective way to produce the natural resources from the earth, there are repercussions that are being ignored by the well companies. For instance, there were several private wells in Dimock, Pennsylvania contaminated with methane caused by the fracking done by Cabot Oil and Gas. The people living off these wells were not able to use their water. Although the gas company denied any kind of fault, they compensated the residents financially and built a new pipeline to bring clean water in. In December, 2011 the EPA sent out letters to the residents telling them their water was safe to drink. But in January of 2012 the EPA retracted its position and told the gas company to immediately take care of the problem. Another problem that has developed due to fracking is pollution around the dig sites. Emissions associated with combustion include nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxide, carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide. Another emission problem is the emission produced from the natural gas.Gasses such as methane, ethane and liquid condensate and volatile organic compounds (VOC). VOC’s have been proven to cause birth defects, neurological problems, and cancer. Most recently, in March of 2012, officials in Ohio are blaming the wastewater produced from fracking for a series of recent earthquakes. What my goal would be from you Mr. Ball, is that you would introduce a bill to the senate that would encourage regulation on fracking from the federal level.If the federal government woul d regulate the way fracking is done in America, it could save many lives and help save the environment. Bad drilling techniques, design and execution are some of the reasons the drilling wreaks so much havoc. This is something that could very easily be regulated by inspections of the wells. I also believe that the number of wells being drilled needs to be regulated. In Pennsylvania alone, there are 3,500 wells. This number is too high. Having that number of wells in such s small area, is inviting problems.If the federal government would make some regulations on how many wells per square mile are aloud, it would cut down of a lot of the damage being done. It may also be possible to regulate how far from civilian dwellings a well should be drilled. If the wells were drilled several miles from any home, the chances of it endangering people and animals would decrease. Mr. Ball I appreciate you taking time to read this letter and listening to my concerns. I am confident that you love thi s country as much as I do and will try to put an end to hydraulic fracturing as we know it today. Sincerely,

Superstition in a Taiwanese Family

Final Writing Assignment: Superstitions in my family Talking about superstitions is a common fact in my family, and in ours modern societies. Even the more reasonable person at least once in his life had been superstitious. Even if we are not extreme in this belief; whom had never crossed their fingers or ran away if we see a black cat. We all even unconsciously believe in fate, good or bad luck. Some people are really extreme in their belief of superstitions but I tend to think that is a way for them more easily to accept some facts whenever the science can not explain it.Superstitions are not limited to a particular part of the globe, people, or community. All superstitions exist, in one form or another, and get different degrees of implication. Superstitions are passed on from one generation to another, through habits or religious practices. No doubt that less educated people are more sensitive to these believes because their understanding of the world and sciences are limited. I am however a rational and educated person. I tend to believe more in reason than feeling but I also happen to be superstitious.My superstitions are those ones my family has, and more precisely my mother conveyed to me. Also my country, Taiwan, where I have grown up is full of superstitious beliefs. Superstitions are a real part of the Asian culture. I totally experience it everyday in my proper family. Some examples of common superstitions of my culture are: you have to knock the door when you enter a room in a hotel in order to tell the ghosts that they have to leave. Or do not use your finger to point the moon or you take the risk to get your ears cut.Another, the most common in all over the world as well as in my country is the belief is link to a number for us the number four which pronunciation in Chinese is really close to the word, die. The another is that a black cat crossing your path can affect your luck, something bad will happen to you soon or later. Firstly, I think it is important to know what a superstition is: According to The Oxford Dictionary, superstition is â€Å"excessively credulous belief in and reverence for the supernatural.A widely held but irrational belief in supernatural influences, especially as leading to good or bad luck, or a practice based on such a belief. † Now for the really scientific mind this belief can seem totally stupid or wrong. But I tend to think that there is no real rational explanation to this belief, we just follow those superstitions because we may be unconsciously afraid of the consequences in next second if we do not follow. For example, my mother used to tell me since I am a kid that do not whistle during night because hypothetically some ghost could be attract by the sound and follow me home.The elder generation really keeps and respects this kind of belief and we grow up with. Lots of people in Taiwan respect those believe that most of foreigners who do not know it and make the mistake are rapidly warned. Maybe this superstition could seem preposterous but most of people here believe in it, so you tend to believe too. For other example, in my family everybody believes that during the Ghosts month, it is inauspicious to travel, to marry, to swim, or stay late outside at night because they believe that all the ghosts of the universe walk on the earth during that month.So, that is why my mother asks me not to stay out at night because she wants to prevent any possibility that I meet any of this â€Å"unknown but possibly dangerous ghosts. † My country may be full of superstitions but many of them can be mock through scientific experimentation. For example, my mother believes that a woman during her pregnancy cannot use any sharp tool or glue without take the risk that her baby gets some bad after-effects. So does it mean that during all her pregnancy, she cannot use a knife so she cannot eat meat by herself.If we think more reasonably I do not see which does not enter the body can get the baby any consequences. This superstition must have evolved with the science but still in Taiwan that lots of family believe in it and really pay attention to pregnant woman. I ignore from where this superstition comes from but we still scare of the unknown and invisible things. In conclusion, the superstitions had been through centuries brought down from our ancestors. All these superstitions affect people’s life and have been kept and brought forward until now.In Taiwan superstitions are a real part of our customs and traditions. I really think that my family is really affected by these beliefs and divided between tradition and modernity. Eventually though I am a realistic person, I sometime get caught up in my mother's superstitions. I do not believe in superstition but unconsciously, I put myself into these through my youth. These superstitions are more than only simple beliefs they are my culture, and my identity. I would love to know how people of my ge neration and other countries live their proper superstitions.

Essay on The Metamorphosis of Holden in The Catcher in...

The Metamorphosis of Holden in The Catcher in the Rye Without love and guidance, young people often find themselves lost; unsure of what direction their lives are headed. Such is the case with Holden Caulfield, a character from the novel The Catcher in the Rye by J. D. Salinger. Holden is a sixteen-year old boy who has lost his way. Hold has suffered a great loss, the death of his Brother, Allie. Holden is trying to reconcile his emotions since Allies death. While dealing with their own grief, Holdens parents have neglected his needs and have therefore not addressed this with him. Holden goes searching for answers and companionship since his parents are emotionally unavailable. This story takes up†¦show more content†¦He invites her for a cocktail, Cmon join me, why dont ya? Mrs. Morrow suggests that, the club cars most likely closed,(pg.57) but thanked him for the offer. The first thing that Holden tries to do when he gets off of the train, is to try to find someone to call. At this point its very clear that Holden is depressed and lonely. I couldnt think of anyone to call,(pg.59) says Holden. So he hails a cab and strikes up a conversation with the driver, You know those ducks in that lagoon right near Central Park South? That Little Lake? By any chance do you know where they go, the ducks, when it gets all frozen over?(pg.60) The driver brushes him off. Holden invites him for a cocktail as well. Cant do it, Mac, Sorry.(pg.61) The driver responds. Holden persists in questioning people about the ducks. The duck are reflective of Holdens fear of the unknown. Of what happens after we stop being. He needs to be reassured that things are going to be okay. Holden goes on bad dates, meets up with a prostitute, and frequents nightclubs all in his search for love and companionship. Eventually he sneaks into his house to pay a visit to his sister. They talk for a while and Phoebe figures out that Holden has been thrown out of school again. You did get kicked out! 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